Minimal Pairs

The same content, written two ways. Version A has broken discourse structure — late antecedents, competing entities, abrupt topic jumps; Version B is a stable rewrite. Hover either timeline to compare the same sentence position in both.

Version A — Broken

What changed

A 3-way ambiguous "it" is removed by keeping "the pathogen" as one consistent grammatical subject across sentences, and three short sentences are combined into one so each new idea has a bridging clause instead of a bare topic jump.

42% lower
total cognitive load (Fixed: 31.5 vs. Broken: 54.0)
6
fewer discourse events (Fixed: 2 vs. Broken: 8)
  • •Ambiguous reference resolved: 2 fewer ambiguity events (2 → 0, none remaining). For example, in the broken version: "Ambiguous pronoun "It" in sentence 2 — 3 compatible antecedents (A vaccine, a weakened pathogen, the bloodstream) within the last 2 sentences."
  • •Abrupt topic jump reduced: 4 fewer topic shift events (5 → 1, 1 remaining). For example, in the broken version: "Abrupt topic shift into sentence 2 — lexical similarity to sentence 1 is 0.00 (below the 0.15 threshold)."

Version B — Fixed